Occupational hazards for dairy plant workers include contact with bioaerosols emitted during the production process, contact with raw milk, or with animals in the case of small home-based milk processing plants. Dairy plant workers can be exposed to biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, which are responsible for various diseases and adverse health outcomes. Therefore, reliable risk assessment and appropriate preventive measures are key to occupational hazard prevention among this group of workers.

In accordance with applicable standards: PN-EN 12568:2011 i PN-EN ISO 20344:2012, anti-penetration inserts and
footwear outsole with anti-penetration inserts are tested at penetration velocity (10 ± 3) mm/min, with a test nail of 
(4.50 ± 0.05) mm in diameter and a conical tip with a truncation of 1 mm and an angle of 30

^o

. 
This velocity is relatively low compared to penetration velocity when walking vigorously.
The diameter of the test nail also exceeds diameters of most nails used in industry. Users’ contact with sharp objects 
potentially present on the ground at a worksite is usually more dynamic. It is important for footwear and the inserts 
to ensure workers’ safety. The Footwear Laboratory aimed to determine the effect of penetration velocity and test 
nail dimensions on the protective capacity of inserts. It also evaluated the quality of these items.

Occupational stress is the result of a perceived lack of balance between the work environment’s demands and the employee's ability to cope with these demands. According to the stress process model, the employee's resources can moderate the relationship between the job demands and perceived stress. Work engagement, the long-term and positive affective-cognitive state, may constitute such a resource. The results of this study confirm this assumption. In the group of workers less engaged in work, the level of perceived occupational stress was higher than in the group of engaged workers and the level of this attitude significantly moderated the relationship between job demands and perceived stress. Practical implications about organizational factors influencing work engagement are also discussed.

Contemporary transport systems do not meet either the expectations or the needs of their users. Hence the search for new, innovative traffic management methods, which would improve traffic safety. This article discusses the definition and impact on the safety of drivers, including professional ones, of a promising idea, namely, intelligent transport systems (ITS).